Article
Objective. To determine the influence of the rate of morphofunctional and cognitive development on the development of physical fitness in children aged 6-8 years old participating in team sports.
Methods and organization of the study. The following parameters were studied: body and limb dimensions; labile body components; cognitive development (memory, attention, verbal and visual-logical, spatial and analytical-synthetic thinking); motor development (30 m run; shuttle run, 3x10 m; alternating run (smooth, 10 m; side step with change of legs, 5 m x 2; backwards, 10 m); vertical jump, standing long jump, precision of force dosing in long jump at 50, 75 and 25% of maximum, grip strength, flexion and extension of arms in support. The state of the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system was assessed by heart rate and blood pressure; heart rate variability; and types of autonomic regulation according to N.I. Shlyk. A total of 517 athletes aged 6-8 participated: 160 football players and 357 hockey players, in age groups of 138-223 children. Development rates were assessed based on indicators of physical, cognitive and motor development: 25-75% of the distribution – medians, below 25% – retardants; above 75% – accelerators.
Results and discussion. It was found that superior motor development correlates with high physical development at 6 years of age, passing to athletes with slower physical development at 7 and 8 years of age. High cognitive development – high motor development from 6 to 8 years. Accelerated physical development is a risk of strain on autonomic regulation; slow development is a risk of autonomic dysregulation of the parasympathetic type.
Conclusion. The training of young athletes requires consideration of the pace of physical and cognitive development, along with monitoring markers for the potential development of vagus-dependent functional cardiac arrhythmias and arterial hypertension.
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