Article
The purpose of the research to determine the influence of surface type (natural and artificial) on the kinematic characteristics of the skating techniques used in two-step double poling, one-step double poling skating, and double poling without leg push-off.
Methods and organization of the researth. The pedagogical experiment was conducted at the “Malinovka” Cross-Country Ski Center. The study involved 30 highly qualified male cross-country skiers, including 15 athletes who were members of the Russian national cross-country skiing team. Kinematic analysis of skating skiing techniques was carried out using the Dartfish software system (Swiss Timing, Switzerland). The following parameters were recorded: skiing speed, cycle duration, temporal characteristics of movement phases (compression and push-off), as well as angular characteristics of the ankle, knee, and hip joints. Comparative analysis was performed while executing the two-step double poling skating technique, one-step double poling skating technique, and double poling without leg push-off on both natural snow and artificial surfaces. Statistical data processing was conducted using Student’s t-test with a significance level of p<0.05.
Research results and their discussion. It was found that the use of an artificial surface is associated with a tendency toward reduced skiing speed and increased cycle duration. The most pronounced changes were identified in double poling without leg push-off, where a statistically significant increase in cycle duration and a decrease in speed were recorded (p<0.01). In the two-step and one-step double poling skating techniques, changes in kinematic parameters were mainly of a trend nature and did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Joint kinematics demonstrated high stability: angular parameters in the ankle and knee joints remained largely unchanged, while slight variability was observed in the hip joint during the compression phase.
Conclusion. The obtained results indicate preservation of the overall biomechanical structure of skating skiing techniques in highly qualified cross-country skiers when skiing on snow-substitute surfaces. The observed changes are primarily adaptive in nature and are manifested by increased temporal parameters of motor actions while maintaining stable joint kinematics. Artificial surfaces may therefore be considered an adequate means of simulating training conditions during the preparatory period.
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