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Vol. 14 №3 (2026)

Article

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GENE POLYMORPHISMS ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN ATHLETES REPRESENTING TEAM AND ENDURANCE SPORTS (0.44 Mb, pdf) Read
Authors:
Dautova Albina Zufarovna
Nazarenko Andrey Sergeevich
Mavliev Fanis Asgatovich
Chershintseva Nuria Nurislamovna
Smolina Yulia Igorevna
Karfik Vladislav Rafaelevich
Egorova Emiliya Sergeevna
Keywords:
gene polymorphisms
genetic profile
athletes
sports performance
Annotation:

The purpose of the research was to compare the genetic profiles of highly trained athletes specializing in different sports based on 50 genetic markers.

Materials and research methods. A total of 69 highly trained male athletes aged 19-35 years, engaged in endurance and team sports, were examined. DNA was isolated from whole blood using a sorbent-based method; genotyping was performed by multiplex PCR with hybridization on biochips. The 50 polymorphisms were grouped according to functional systems (muscle structure and contraction, energy metabolism, oxygen transport system, neurocognitive functions, recovery and stress compensation, hormonal regulation, etc.). The association between the type of sport and genotype distribution was assessed using Pearson’s χ² test and Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni correction.

Research results. Significant differences between athlete groups were found in genes related to energy metabolism and the oxygen transport system. The rs1801282G allele of the PPARG gene was more frequent in runners compared to hockey players (34 % vs. 5 %, χ² = 12.7, p = 0.0001). A higher frequency of the rs699C allele of the AGT gene was observed in runners (67.8 %) and football players (70.6 %) compared to hockey players (37.9 %) (χ² = 6.7, p = 0.004 and χ² = 13.7, p = 0.001, respectively). Hockey players showed a predominance of the rs11091046*C allele of the AGTR2 gene compared to football players (χ² = 9.7, p = 0.0009) and runners (χ² = 12.2, p = 0.0002).

Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the presence of differences in the genetic profiles of athletes of different specializations, mainly in the energy metabolism and oxygen transport systems, which may reflect the specific nature of the loads imposed on them. The absence of statistically significant differences in most functional groups suggests that success in sports is determined not only by genetic factors, but also by the complex interaction of the training process, technical preparation, and psychological traits.

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