Article
The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the nature of the relationship between the structure and parameters of training loads and the improvement in athletic performance in qualified and highly qualified swimmers, considering the age groups 15-17 and 18-20 years.
Methods and organization of the study. The study was conducted at the Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture; training plans and diaries of 39 qualified and highly skilled swimmers were analyzed: 21 athletes aged 15-17 (9 boys and 12 girls) and 18 athletes aged 18-20 (10 men and 8 women). The following indicators were analyzed: the best result in the distance (WA points), the actual result in the distance (WA points), the change in the result over the training period (%); the volume of load over the year, taking into account the focus (km); the volumes of aerobic, anaerobic, competitive, and recovery load (%), correlation and regression analyses.
Research results and conclusions. The general logic of constructing the structure and focus of training parameters, considering the age group, is preserved in most cases (p>0.05). Maintaining the studied parameters of the training process in the annual training plan showed a decline in sports performance in both women and men, and significant progress in the group of junior women and junior men (p<0.05). An analysis of the correlation between age indicators and the increase in performance over the main distance showed a strong relationship: r=0.82 (female athletes) and r=0.87 (male athletes). The calculation of multiple linear regression for the samples determined the significance of only one factor – age. The remaining training indicators do not contribute to the improvement in athletic performance, provided that the structure of the training parameters is maintained.
Conclusion. The unification of the training process structure (similar proportions and focus of the load) is observed in both women and men; in groups of adult athletes and female athletes, a standardized methodological approach leads to a deterioration in sports results; juniors and junior athletes demonstrate progress with such load parameters; the factor determining positive changes in sports results, taking into account the unified training process, is age.
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