DYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL PREPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS OF JUDOKAS AT THE STAGES OF LONG-TERM PREPARATION

The purpose of the research: to identify features and patterns in the dynamics of growth in physical and functional fitness indicators of judokas at various stages of long-term sports training.

Methods and organization of the research. The study analyzed the results of diagnostics of physical fitness (general and special) and functional systems of judokas aged 9-23 years, who were engaged at the stages of initial training (n = 105), training up to 2 years (n = 75) and over 2 years (n = 60), improvement of sportsmanship (n = 45) and higher sportsmanship (n = 30). As part of the study, the following research methods were used: the method of analyzing and summarizing data from scientific and methodological literature, the method of control tests and methods of mathematical statistics.

Research results and their discussion. «Peak» values in the growth rates of indicators characterizing general and special physical fitness are practically synchronized in time, with the exception of special flexibility, the peak of development of which occurs in all categories of judokas at the age of 12 years. The growth rate of indicators of general and special physical fitness of heavyweight judokas on the time scale lags behind (by about a year) from the peak values of the growth rates recorded in lightweight judokas and middleweight judokas, with the exception of indicators of general and special flexibility. The increase in the results of general and special physical fitness indicators are determined by corresponding changes in the development of functional systems: cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous.

Conclusion. The revealed fact of heterochronic development of general and special physical fitness and functional systems of the body of judokas, indicating specific localized sensitive periods, should be taken into account by coaches when working with various categories of judokas at all stages of long-term sports training.

1. Bakin, A. V. Physical development and preparedness of adolescent judokas 11-14 years old / A. V. Bakin, S.M. Struganov // Modern issues of biomedicine. – 2023. – Vol. 7. – № 4(25). – DOI 10.51871/2588-0500_2023_07_04_32.
2. Zebzeev, V. V. Analysis of special physical preparedness of junior judoists / V. V. Zebzeev, O. S. Zdanovich // Theory and practice of physical culture. – 2013. – № 2. – pp. 68-70.
3. Zebzeev, V. V. Methodology of control and assessment of the functional state of junior judoists / V. V. Zebzeev // Theory and practice of physical culture. – 2012. – № 8. – pp. 75-77.
4. Zekrin, F. Kh. Planning of special physical training of judoists at the stage of improving sports skills / F. Kh. Zekrin // Theory and practice of physical culture. – 2022. – № 10. – pp. 90-92.
5. Zotova, F. R. Content and organization of judo classes at the sports and recreational stage of training (according to a sociological survey of martial arts trainers and teachers) / F. R. Zotova, G. F. Khamidullina // Science and sport: current trends. – 2019. – Vol. 7. – № 3. – pp. 33-40.
6. Nimchuk, A. M. Study of the dynamics of the functional state of adolescents 12-13 years old involved in judo / A. M. Nimchuk, M. A. Babaev, V. M. Babaeva // Physical culture in general cultural and professional training of students: collection of materials of the second All-Russian scientific conference with international participation, Rostov-on-Don, April 04-08, 2016. – Rostov-on-Don: Southern Federal University. – 2016. – pp. 135-139.
7. Falin, I. O. Study of the developmental features of judoists aged 9-11 years in preparation for competitive activity / I. O. Falin // NovaInfo.Ru. – 2023. – № 140. – pp. 155-158.
8. A New Developmental Approach for Judo Focusing on Health, Physical, Motor, and Educational Attributes / F. Garbeloto, B. Miarka, E. Guimarães [et al.] // International journal of environmental research and public health. – 2023. – Vol. 20. – № 3. – P. 2260.
9. Bratić, M. Differences in functional abilities in judo players of different age / M. Bratić, M. Nurkić, N. Stanković // Sports Science and Health. – 2011. – Vol. 1. – № 1. – pp. 5-11.
10. Chatinyan, A. A. Modern approaches of organizing the process of physical training of young judokas / A. A. Chatinyan, A. V. Avetisyan // Science and sport: current trends. – 2022. – Vol. 10. – № 2. – pp. 84-91.
11. Detanico, D. Physical performance and somatic maturity in male and female judo athletes: An analysis in different age categories / D. Detanico, R.L. Kons // Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. – 2023. – Vol. 34. – pp. 28-33.
12. Indicators of targeted physical fitness in judo and jujutsu – Preliminary results of research / W. J. Cynarski, J. Słopecki, B. Dziadek [et al.] // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. – 2021. – Vol. 18. – № 8. – P. 4347.
13. Kyoungho, S. A comparative study on changes in physical fitness characteristics of judo athletes according to their careers / S. Kyoungho, S. Tae-beom // International Journal of Applied sports sciences (IJASS). – 2021. – Vol. 33. – № 2. – pp. 167-175.
14. Physical fitness and anthropometric measures of young Brazilian judo and wrestling athletes and its relations to cardiorespiratory fitness / V. Marques, V. Coswig, R. Viana [et al.] // Sports. – 2019. – Vol. 7. – № 2. – P. 38.
15. Physical performance in young judo athletes: influence of somatic maturation, growth, and training experience / D. Detanico, R. L. Kons, D. H. Fukuda, A. S. Teixeira // Research quarterly for exercise and sport. – 2020. – Vol. 91. – № 3. – pp. 425-432.
16. Protic-Gava, B. Effects of judo participation on anthropometric characteristics, motor abilities, and posture in young judo athletes / B. Protic-Gava, P. Drid, Z. Krkeljas // Human Movement. – 2019. – Vol. 20. – № 3. – pp. 10-15.
17. Seasonal changes in anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness and the relationships with sporting success in young sub-elite judo athletes: An exploratory study / O. Prieske, H. Chaabene, M. Gäbler [et al.] // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. – 2020. – Vol. 17. – № 19. – P. 7169.