PHASE STRUCTURE, ACTION TASKS, AND MOTOR SETS IN THE SYSTEM OF MOTOR RELEARNING OF SKATING TECHNIQUE IN SKIERS AND BIATHLETES

Aim. To propose a phase structure of the V skating technique, formalize the tasks of motor actions, criteria for their rationality, and develop "motor settings" for the correct execution of movements, on the basis of which it is possible to carry out the process of motor learning and relearning of athletes at various stages of sports improvement.

Methods and organization of the study. Biomechanical analysis of the V2 skating movement system of elite cross-country skiers and biathletes based on video footage from major international and Russian competitions in the 2018/19-2024/25 seasons, construction of neuro-motor and psychomotor models of ski movement control, biomechanic-morphological analysis of muscle function.

Results of the study and discussion. In the V2 cycle, 3 phases (gliding with arm push-off, gliding with leg push-off, free gliding), 6 boundary moments and trigger points were identified, and the structure of motor actions was formalized. For the phases and motor actions, biomechanical tasks, criteria for correct execution, and locations of main errors were developed. A system of motor settings is proposed for forming the correct motor image in the athlete's consciousness.

Conclusion. The formalization of the phase structure of V2 skating movements, determination of tasks, criteria, and motor settings, represents the first stage in developing a pedagogical technology for motor learning/relearning of cross-country skiers and biathletes. This provides an objective basis for selecting training methods, including targeted impact on the structures of athletes’ neuromuscular apparatus.

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